Understanding the Basics of Arc and Torch Welding
As reported by HowStuffWorks in their article “How Welding Works,” welding today primarily falls into two categories: arc welding and torch welding. Arc welding uses an electrical arc to melt the work materials and filler material, while torch welding typically employs an oxyacetylene torch to achieve the same purpose.
Arc welding involves attaching a grounding wire to the welding material or another metal surface. An electrode lead is placed on the material to be welded, and once pulled away, it generates an electric arc similar to the sparks from jumper cables on a car battery. This arc melts the workpieces and filler material, joining them together. The welder must feed the filler into the welding joint with steady hands and precise back-and-forth motions, creating the distinctive appearance of the weld. Errors in speed or distance can result in poor welds.
Common arc welding methods include Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW or stick welding), Gas Metal Arc Welding (MIG welding), and Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (TIG welding). Each method has unique advantages and drawbacks. Stick welding is inexpensive and easy to learn but slower and less versatile. MIG welding is faster and more versatile but requires more equipment. TIG welding, although difficult to learn and requiring elaborate rigs, produces high-quality welds and can weld materials that other methods cannot.
Torch welding, while less common industrially, remains popular for maintenance, repair work, and artistic sculptures. This process uses an oxyacetylene torch to melt the work material and welding rod. The welder controls both the torch and the rod, providing a high level of control over the weld.
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Article with all rights reserved, courtesy of howstuffworks.com.